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Building scalable software is a challenging task. When we think about scalability in front-end applications, we can think of increasing complexity, more and more business rules, and a growing amount of data loaded into the application and large teams often distributed worldwide. To deal with the mentioned factors to maintain a high quality of delivery and prevent technical debt, robust and well-grounded architecture is necessary.
Angular architecture is one of the most powerful JavaScript frameworks for building dynamic programming structures like web apps, native apps, and SPAs. Angular is a self-sufficient yet flexible enough framework to be integrated with any other framework.
Angular itself is a framework that forces developers to code in a standard way, but there would be some glitches, so here I have presented some high-level standard points to build a standard Angular architecture best practices.
In the blog, we will go in-depth with Angular Application Architecture and some of the core concepts of Angular. We will also be going through some of the Angular project structures' best practices. Grab a coffee, and let's do some coding!
What is Angular?
I know it is boring stuff, but some of the developers don't know the difference between frameworks and libraries. So, Angular is one of the most powerful JavaScript frameworks that is used to build dynamic programming structures like web apps, native apps, and SPAs. Angular is a self-sufficient yet flexible enough framework to be integrated with any other framework.
Wait! What are libraries, then? Libraries are made to target a specific functionality; a library is a collection of pre-written code that can be used to perform common tasks or functionality as mentioned in a program.
Below are some examples of best architecture practices:
Best practices using Angular Coding styles- Using Angular CLI for structured folder
- Break the large components into manageable sizes
- Proper utilization of Lazy Loading
- Modular development for clean application structure
- Build reusable components
- Angular coding styles for organized folder structure
- Use of service workers for the fastest responsive apps
- Avoid using logic in the component
- Security best practices in Angular apps
- Prevent memory leaks
Best practices using Angular Coding styles
One of the most important aspects of building any application is efficiency in coding. Your code quality and health play a significant role in deciding the effectiveness of the application. Developers face difficulties fixing bugs and identifying immediate issues when dealing with complex codes.
- Make sure that the code does not exceed 400 lines limit per file
- Ensure that the code does not exceed 75 line limit per function
- Proper usage of ‘let’ and ‘const’
- Name of the properties and methods that should be used in lower camelcase
- Don’t name the interface with starting uppercase “I” as it is done in any other programming language.
Also Check:- What is Standalone Components and How to Use in Angular?
Using Angular CLI for structured folder
Properly utilizing Angular CLI is one of the Angular best practices you can not avoid.
- Angular CLI is a command line interface tool used to initialize, develop, scaffold, maintain, test, and debug Angular apps.
- It can be used to build the initial level structure for your overall application.
#Install Angular CLI
npm install -g @angular/CLI
#check the Angular CLI version
ng version
- Using Angular CLI makes it easier for other developers to understand the app flow and folder structure, saving a lot of development time.
Here are some essential commands for Angular CLI
- ng new - Creates an app that already works and is out of the box.
- ng generate - Used for generating components, services, routes, and pipes with test shells
- ng serve - helps to test your application locally when developing
- ng test - for running various angular tests on your app
- ng lint - helps your Angular code to shine
- ng add @angualr/PWA - helps in setting up various Angular service workers
Break the large components into manageable sizes
Just like you need to keep code files clean, you should practice the same habit for your components. Significant components can be tricky to test, debug and maintain. Overall, the angular app would benefit greatly from increased efficiency in breaking more significant components into smaller, more manageable ones. One of the best practices is to try and break your significant component into smaller ones to the extent that each has only one atomic task.
Proper utilization of Lazy Loading
- Utilizing lazy load modules can enhance your productivity.
- Lazy load is a built-in feature in Angular that helps developers load the required thing.
- For example, when you use the feature, it loads the components and other things you need and stops other unnecessary files from getting loaded:
{ path: ‘not-lazy-loaded’’, component: NotLazyLoadedComponent }
Modular development for clean application structure
- Angular applications are meant to be super quick.
- An enterprise-grape app contains multiple modules with different functionalities.
- The modularization of an application refers to dividing the application into several parts.
- For example, large applications like bulky content sites only contain a few essential routes in the app component. At the same time, other modules are divided according to their functionalities.
- It not only benefits in initial loading time but also organizes the entire coding structure module-wise, making it easier for developers to understand.
Here’s an example:
Build reusable components
- Reusability is a golden feature of Angular and can not be omitted from Angular best practices.
- If there’s a part of your Angular app’s UI that you know you would need in multiple places, build a component for it and use the component.
- This will help implement the UI element consistently throughout the application.
- In this case, if your app goes through a redesign process for some reason, you will not have to change the code at multiple places; just make a single change, and you are good to go.
Maybe Check:- Why You Should Upgrade AngularJS to Angular for Your Web Apps
Angular coding styles for organized coding structure
Optimized and organized folder structure helps angular for easy maintainability, readability, and accessibility to any content. Here are some Angular folder structure best practices:
- File Naming:
- The name of your files and folders should convey the purpose
- Be consistent with the naming pattern that is - file-feature.filetype (For instance, consultation.component.ts, auth.service.ts, component.html).
- If you want to be more descriptive of your file use (-) in the filename (For instance, db-dashboard.component.ts, book-analysis.component.ts).
- Class Naming:
When naming your classes, use the upper camel case style with added suffix representing your file type - DBDashboardComponent, AuthService.
- Folder structure example,
Use of service workers for the fastest responsive apps
User interaction has been made easy with the use of Angular applications, which can be done by converting traditional web apps into single-page applications, reducing file sizes, adding responsiveness, and creating interactive web apps.
- Service workers make it easier for users to interact with web apps.
- They convert your single-page apps into progressive web apps by adding native features to them.
- Service workers are available after angular version 5.
- They enhance the user experience by allowing users to access the native features of the app without having to wait for internet connectivity.
- Offers native app experience, completely caches the version on refreshing web apps
- Loads the latest cached code in the new tabs
- Downloads the resources only upon changing the contents.
- Serves the previous version of the application until the stable version is served
Avoid using logic in the component
Many developers mix the components and business logic, resulting in a complex and untidy mess that is difficult to comprehend.
Advantages of keeping logic and components separate
- The testing process of UI and components differs from logic testing
- Different services for business logic are used to improve code reusability and quality
- Having logic in a separate service will allow you to use it in multiple components.
- This would result in a reduction of build size and also lesser code
Security best practices in Angular apps
The most vulnerable part of your application could be security. Cross-site scripting is one major reason that your client-side platform needs protection. This type of scripting attack can pass on to the controls on the client side and change the web pages that are viewed by the users. On the other hand, these attacks can be prevented by some built-in provisions that the framework provides.
Hence, while using this protective aspect of Angular, developers should be mindful of certain tasks that the framework performs:
- Regular Maintenance of Angular Libraries
- Prevention of XSS cross-site security threats
- Sanitization and Security Contexts
- DOM sanitization service
- Context security policy
- Offline template compiler
Prevent memory leaks
A memory leak is the gradual loss of available computer space when an application incorrectly manages memory allocation, where obsolete memory is not properly released. Another way a memory leak can happen is when the running code can no longer access an object stored in the memory. Here are some important suggestions and best practices for securing Angular apps against memory leaks.
- Use of async pipe
- Using take(1)
- Using takeUntil
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Conclusion
There, you have Angular Structure Best Practices; following this architecture is important when you are building scalable, maintainable, and high-performing applications. This principle of modularity, leveraging services for business logic and keeping components focused and reusable. This strategy will help you build Angular applications that meet business needs today.
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FAQs
1. What is the role of modules in Angular architecture?
Modules in Angular serve as containers that organize various parts of an application, such as components, services, and directives. They help structure the app into cohesive blocks. When you break down an application into features or shared modules, you can keep the code organized and improve both performance and reusability.
2. How well does Angular handle component interaction?
Angular handles component interactions efficiently through input and output decorators, which allows data to be passed between parent and child components. These built-in tools make this framework effective for managing communication between components in a scalable way.
3. What are the best practices for configuring projects in Angular?
Best practices for Angular projects will include organizing files into feature modules, using environment-specific configurations, and implementing lazy loading and coding conventions.
4. How can you optimize the performance of an Angular application?
To optimize an Angular application's performance, you can use lazy loading for modules, minimize bundle size by using tree-shaking, and implement on-push change detection. Other techniques include using trackBy in ngFor loops, avoiding unnecessary DOM manipulation, and caching data effectively.
5. What is the importance of using state policy in Angular applications?
Implementing a state management policy is important in Angular applications to manage and maintain the state of the app efficiently. Tools like NgRx or Akita help centralize and standardize state across components, reducing complexity in large applications.
